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Oil industry in Poland
The oil industry in Poland has a small, mostly state-owned component, with production offshore in the Baltic Sea and onshore from small fields. For natural gas the country is dependent on legacy pipelines from the former Soviet Union.
==Shale gas and tight oil==
Production of significant quantities of natural gas or petroleum is in large part dependent on the social acceptance and technical and commercial viability of hydraulic fracturing. As of 2013 only 3% of the Poles opposed fracking.〔 Leasing began in 2007,〔 but, as of 2013, the results of exploration efforts, as well as government regulation, have been disappointing and estimates of the size of the total resource have been reduced〔 despite what appear to be favorable geologic formations holding shale gas. In 2013 the Energy Information Administration, a U.S. agency, estimated that 146 trillion cubic feet of shale gas and of tight oil could be economically recovered using present technology. However, an estimate published in March 2013 of recoverable shale gas reserves by the Polish Geological Institute was 24.8 trillion cubic feet.
Poland has been dependent on a Soviet era gas pipeline system which brings in only expensive Russian gas. Power generation has been based on Poland's extensive reserves of coal, principally lignite. Development of a domestic gas industry to replace Russian imports is highly desirable as would use of gas to retire or convert coal fired generation plants. Exploration began in June 2010, but, as of July 2013, none of the two score wells which have been completed have produced gas in commercial quantities; ExxonMobil, Talisman Energy and Marathon Oil have pulled out.〔
In the absence of regulation acceptable to the drillers who have the technology and resources to engage in extensive exploration, as of 2013, the extent of the tight oil and shale gas resource in Poland remains unknown, although it is believed by some informed observers that it has the potential to supply the needs of Poland for hundreds of year.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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